Dec 22

转自:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6f1739220101bo1d.html?tj=1

Freedamn 中国特色自由
Smilence 笑而不语
Togayther 终成眷属
Democrazy 痴心妄想
Shitizen 屁民
Innernet 中国互联网
Departyment (政府)有关部门

Chinsumer 在国外疯狂购物的中国人
Emotionormal 情绪稳定
Sexretary 女秘书
Halfyuan 五毛
Canclensor 审查
Wall·e 防火墙
Circusee 围观

Vegeteal 偷菜
Yakshit 亚克西
Animale 男人天性
Corpspend 捞尸费
Suihide 躲猫猫
Niubility 牛逼
Antizen 蚁民
Gunvernment 枪杆子政权
Propoorty 房地产
Stuck market 股市

Livelihard 生活
Stupig 笨猪
Z-turn 折腾
Don’train 动车
Foulsball 中国足球
Freedamn 自由
Gambller 干部
Goveruption 政府
Harmany 河蟹
Profartssor 叫兽

Jul 07

初中英语教材封面,前段时间在网上找到的,贴出来留作纪念。

Jun 09

转载地址:http://bbs.chinaunix.net/viewthread.phptid=665794&page=1&extra=page%3D1#pid4508748

在学习LaTex中要使用各种命令,很多命令都是这些符号的英文或者缩写,记住这些符号的英文读法对于记住这些命令很有好处,所以就转载了一下。感谢原帖作者的劳动。

键盘符号的英文读法:
` backquote 反引号
~ tilde
! exclam
@ at
# numbersign,英语国家是hash,美语是pound,音乐里作sharp,如C#
$ dollar
% percent
^ caret
& ampersand
* asterisk,star(美语),数学公式中作multiply
( parenleft,opening parentheses
) parenright,closing paretheses
- minus;hyphen连字符,不读
_ underscore
+ plus
= equal
[ bracketleft,opening bracket
] bracketright,closing bracket
{ braceleft
} braceright
; semicolon
: colon
' quote
" doublequote
/ slash
 backslash 反斜杠
| bar
, comma
< less > greater
. period
? question
 space 空格
May 04
Feb 11

《动物学研究》要求参考文献英文刊名统一为规范的缩写格式,作者可以到一些相关网站去查询。如PubMed的网站http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/可以查询SCI论文的刊名缩写和作者英文人名的规范缩写。http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/BIOS/j_abbr.html#L可以查到大部分生物和化学各学科杂志的刊名缩写。其他网站有中国知识资源总库http://dlib.cnki.net/kns50/和全国期刊联合目录http://union.csdl.ac.cn/Reader/query.jsp。
下面是一些相关的资料:
一、参考文献英文刊名的缩写规则
本文参考国际标准ISO4-1984《文献工作–期刊刊名缩写的国际规则》及国家标准GB7714-87《文后参考文献著录规则》附录C。
1. 单个词组成的刊名不得缩写
部分刊名由一个实词组成,如Adsorption,Aerobiologia,Radiochemistry,Biomaterials,Nature, Science等均不得缩写。
2. 刊名中单音节词一般不缩写
英文期刊中有许多单音节词,如FOOD,CHEST,CHILD,这些词不得缩写。如医学期刊Hear and Lung, 缩写为Heart Lung,仅略去连词and.但少数构成地名的单词,如NEW,SOUTH等,可缩写成相应首字字母。如New England Journal of Medcine,可缩写为N Engl J Med,不应略为New Engl J Med,South African Journal of Surgery可缩写为S Afr J Surg,不可缩写为South Afr J Surg。另外,少于5个字母(含5个字母)的单词一般不缩写,如Acta, Heart, Bone, Joint等均不缩写。
3. 刊名中的虚词一律省略
国外学术期刊刊名中含有许多虚词,如the, of, for, and, on, from, to等,在缩写时均省去。如Journal of Chemistry缩写为J Chem, Archives of Medical Research缩写为Arch Med Res。
4. 单词缩写应省略在辅音之后、元音之前
英文单词缩写一般以辅音结尾,而不以元音结尾。如American省略为Am, 而不省略为Ame或Amer,Medicine或Medical缩写为Med, European缩写为Eur等。但Science例外,缩写为Sci,可能是因为元音I之后又是元音E的缘故。缩写刊名每个词首字母必须大写,而不可全部都用大写或小写。
5. 压缩字母法
仅个别单词采用压缩字母方式缩写,如Japanese缩写为Jpn而不是Jan, National应缩写为Natl而不是Nat等。经常有读者将Japanese写成Jan是参考文献著录中常见的错误。如Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology,应缩写为Jpn J Ophthalmol, National Cancer Institute Research Report缩写为Natl Cancer Inst Res Rep。而Nat是Nature和Natural的缩写,如Nature Medicine, Nature Biotechnology分别缩写为Nat Med, Nat Biotechnol。另外CN是中国的国别代码,期刊缩写刊名中,China和Chinese不得缩写为CN,而应缩写为Chin。采用压缩写法是为了避免与其他常用缩写混淆。如Japanese不能缩写为Jan,可能是Jan是January的固定缩写形式,National缩写为Natl而不缩写为Nat,可能是Nat是Nature和Natural的缩写。
6. 学科名称缩写
刊名中学科名称缩写很常见,因而了解学科名缩写规则非常必要。凡以-ogy结尾的单词,一律将词尾-ogy去掉,如Cardiology缩写为Cariol,Biology缩写为Biol,以-ics结尾的学科名词,缩写时将-ics或连同其前面若干字母略去。如Physics,缩写为Phys,以-try结尾的词,缩写时将-try连同前面若干字母略去。如chemistry缩写为Chem,其中也包括其他形容词的缩写。
7. 刊名中常用词和特殊单词的缩写
期刊名中有些常用单词可以缩写为一个字母,如Journal缩写为J,Quarterly缩写为Q,Royal缩写为R,New缩写为N,South缩写为S等。
8. 刊名首字母组合
有些杂志名称缩写采用首字母组合,而且已被固定下来,一般都是国际上有较大影响的期刊,并得到国际上众多索引性检索工具的认同。如The Journal of American Medical Association缩写为JAMA,British Medical Journal缩写为BMJ等。
9. 国家名称的缩写
刊名中国家名称的缩写分为两种情况。如国家名称为单个词汇,缩写时常略去词尾或词的后部分若干字母。如American缩写为Am, British缩写为Br, Chinese缩写为Chin等。而国家名称由多个词组组成时,常取每个词的首字母,如United States of America缩写为USA或US。
以上只是一些英文刊名缩写的一般规则,具体到一个刊名的缩写,很多检索工具后都有缩略刊表。请对照。

二、参考文献中英文人名的缩写规则
参考文献是科技论文的重要组成部分,也是编辑加工和重要内容。温哥华格式要求,著录文后参考文献时,英文刊名和人名一律用缩写。这一规则也是众多检索系统在人名著录时的首选规则。
下面我们先看一个例子:
在文章发表时,由于西方人士名在前 姓在后,一般也采用名+姓的格式书写,如下题名 、作者及正文的书写:
Zheming Ruan, Phyllis Wilson and David R. Mootoo. Bis-pyranoside Alkenes: Novel Templates for the Synthesis of Adjacently Linked Tetrahydrofurans.
而上述文章若作为参考文献为他人引用,则需写成:
Ruan, Zheming; Wilson, Phyllis; Mootoo, David R. Bis-pyranoside Alkenes: Novel Templates for the Synthesis of Adjacently Linked Tetrahydrofurans. Tetrahedron Letters Volume: 37, Issue: 21, May 2, 1996, pp. 3619-3622.
由于东西方姓与名排列的差异,有的国外杂志在人名后还给出作者学位或参加的学会, 因此很多人不知道如何区别姓、名、学位单位,如何缩写。
下面我们将著者姓名缩写规则的几个要点摘录如下:
1. 姓名缩写只缩写名而不缩写姓;
2. 无论东西方人,缩写名的书写形式都是姓在前、名在后;
3. 杂志作者名中,全大写一定是姓;
4. 省略所有缩写点
如 R. Brain Haynes缩写为Haynes RB, Edward J. Huth缩写为Huth EJ等。
但有些特殊情况:
(1) Maeve O’Conner, 正确缩写应为O’Conner M, 有人会按英文的构词习惯认为是印刷错 误,认为Oconner M
(2) 国外也有复姓,如Julie C. Fanbury-Smith, Hartly Lorberboum-Galski等分别缩写为Fanbury-Smith JC, Lorbertoum-Galski HL
(3) 姓名中含前缀De, Des, Du, La, Dal, La, Von, Van, den, der等,将前缀和姓作为一个整体,按字顺排列,词间空格和大小写字母不影响排列,如Kinder Von Werder缩写为Von Werder K,不可写为Werder KV.
(4) 国外杂志要求作者署名后给出作者学位和加入的学会,学位与学会名也是用缩写。学位常见的有PhD(哲学博士),SM(理科硕士)和MBA(管理学硕士)等,学会名称的缩写一 般采用首字母缩写,如Royal Society of Chemistry缩写为RSC等。一篇论文作者署名为 Edward J. Huth, MD, PhD, ICMJE则表示Edward J. Huth是作者名,MD和PhD表示该作者是医学博士和哲学博士,ICMJE表示该作者是国际医学期刊编辑委员会委员。在著录参考文献时,该作者缩写Huth EJ。
值得注意的是,中国人在国外杂志发表文章,署名名前姓后,在国内则姓前名后,这样 做,国外人会认为不是同一个作者,如Lihuang Zhong,国外人会认为,中国人习惯姓前名后,会将其缩写为Lihuang Z,关于中国人名的缩写,国际著名检索刊物如CA和BA等也经常搞错。为了准确判断作者的姓和名,现在有不少杂志开始把作者的姓全大写,以此进行区别,收到较好的效果。另外,国外杂志的目录往往只提供作者的缩写名,这给我们准确缩写国外人名提供了重要依据。
来源:http://www.sciencenet.cn/bbs/showpost.aspx?id=4189

部分英文期刊的缩写与全名对照表
Abreviations Journal
A
Acta Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biochimica and Biophysica
Acta Bot. Neerl. Acta Botanica Neerlandica
Adv. Agron. Advances in Agronomy
Adv. Bot. Res. Advances in Botanical Research
Agric. Biol. Chem. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
Agric. Res. Agricultural Research
Agron. J. Agronomy Journal
Allelopathy J. Allelopathy Journal
Am. J. Bot. American Journal of Botany
Anal. Biochem. Analytical Biochemistry
Anal. Chem. Analytical Chemistry
Ann. Appl. Biol. Annals of Applied Biology
Ann. Bot. Annals of Botany
Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Mol. Biol. Annual Review Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology
Arch. Biochem. Biophys. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
Aust. J. Bot. Australian Journal of Botany
Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture
Aust. J. Plant Physiol. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology
B
Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commu. Biochemistry Biophysics and Reserach Communications
Biochem. J. Biochemical Journal
Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biochimica and Biophysica Acta
Biol. Plant. Biologia Plantarum
Bios. Biotechnol. Biochem. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry
Bot. Gaz. Botanical Gazette
Bot. Mag. Botanical Magazyne
Bot. Rev. Botanical Review
Braz. Arch. Bio. Technol. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
C
Can. J. Biochem. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry
Can. J. Bot. Canadian Journal of Botany
Can. J. Plant Sci. Canadian Journal of Plant Science
Cereal Chem. Cereal Chemistry
Ciênc. Cult. Ciência e Cultura
Commun. Soil Sci. Plant. Anal. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis
Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
Crop Prot. Crop Protection
Crop Sci. Crop Science
Curr. Adv. Plant Sci. Current Advances in Plant Science
Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. Current Opinion in Plant Biology
E
Econ. Bot. Economic Botany
Environ. Exp. Bot. Environmental and Experimental Botany
Eur. J. Biochem. European Journal of Biochemistry
Eur. J. Plant Pathol. European Journal of Plant Pathology
Exp. Agric. Experimental Agriculture
F
FEBS Lett. FEBS Letters
FEMS Microbiol. Lett. FEMS Microbiology Letters
Field Crops Res. Field Crops Research
Fitopatol. Bras. Fitopatologia Brasileira
Food Chem. Food Chemistry
H
Hortic. Res. Horticultural Research
Hortic. Rev. Horticultural Reviews
Hortic. Sci. Horticultural Science
I
Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. Internatonal Journal of Food Science and Technology
Int. J. Plant Sci. International Journal of Plant Science
J
J. Agric. Food Chem. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
J. Agric. Sci. Journal of Agricultural Science
J. Agron. Crop. Sci. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science
J. Anal. Chem. Journal of Analytical Chemistry
J. Biochem. Journal of Biochemistry
J. Biol. Chem. Journal of Biological Chemistry
J. Chem. Ecol. Journal of Chemical Ecology
J. Chromatogr. Journal of Chromatography
J. Chromatogr. Biomed. Appl. Journal of Chromatography Biomedical Applications
J. Chromatogr. Sci. Journal of Chromatographic Science
J. Environ. Biol. J. Environmental Biology
J. Ethnopharmacol. J. Ethnopharmacology
J. Exp. Biol. Journal of Experimental Biology
J. Exp. Bot. Journal of Experimental Botany
J. Food Sci. Journal of Food Science
J. Gen. Microbiol. Journal of General Microbiology
J. Hortic. Sci. Journal of Horticultural Science
J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology
J. Nematol. Journal of Nematology
J. Photochem. Photobiol. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
J. Phytopathol. J. Phytopathology
J. Plant Growth Regul. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
J. Plant Nutr. Journal of Plant Nutrition
J. Plant Physiol. Journal of Plant Physiology
J. Plant Res. Journal of Plant Research
J. Sci. Food Agric. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
J. Soil Sci. Journal of Soil Science
J. Trop. Ecol. Journal of Tropical Ecology
J. Veg. Sci. Journal of Vegetation Science
J. Virol.. Journal of Virology
M
Methods Enzymol. Methods in Enzymology
Mol. Plant-Microbe Interac. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
N
New Phytol. New Phytologist
Nematol. Bras. Nematologia Brasileira
Nematol. Mediterr. Nematologia Mediterranea
P
Pesq. Agrop. Bras. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
Photochem. Photobiol. Photochemistry and Photobiology
Photosynth. Res. Photosynthesis Research
Physiol. Plant Path. Physiological Plant Pathology
Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology
Physiol. Plant. Physiologia Plantarum
Plant Biol. Plant Biology
Plant Cell Plant Cell
Plant Cell Environ. Plant and Cell Environment
Plant Cell Physiol. Plant and Cell Physiology
Plant Cell Rep. Plant Cell Reports
Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture
Plant Dis. Plant Disease
Plant Dis. Rep. Plant Disease Reporter
Plant Ecol. Plant Ecology
Plant Growth Regul. Plant Growth Regulation
Plant J. Plant Journal
Plant Mol. Biol. Plant Molecular Biology
Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter
Plant Pathol. Plant Pathology
Plant Physiol. Plant Physiology
Plant Physiol. Biochem. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
Plant Sci. Plant Science
Plant Soil Plant and Soil
Postharvest Biol. Technol. Postharvest Biology and Technology
Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of USA
R
Rev. Bras. Bot. Revista Brasileira de Botânica
Rev. Bras. Fisiol. Veg. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal
Russian J. Nematol. Russian Journal of Nematology
Russian J. Plant Physiol. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology
S
Sci. Agricola Scientia Agricola
Sci. Hortic. Scientia Horticulturae
Seed Sci. Res. Seed Science Research
Seed Sci. Technol. Seed Science and Technology
Soil Biol. Biochem. Soil Biology and Biochemistry
Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
T
Trees – Struct. Funct Trees – Structure and Function
Tree Physiol. Tree Physiology
Trends Plant Sci. Trends in Plant Science
Trop. Agric. Tropical Agriculture
Theor. Appl. Genet. Theoretical and Applied Genetics
W
Weed Res. Weed Research
Weed Technol. Weed Technology
Weed Sci. Weed Science